Topical Terminology > 3r Principle (Also Known As The 3r Strategy)
3r Principle (Also Known As The 3r Strategy)
For 3r Principle (Also Known As The 3r Strategy) we have a term and definition in Animal Studies.
3r Principle (Also Known As The 3r Strategy) (Animal Studies) 
This principle was first formulated in 1989 by the zoologist, W. M. S. Russel, and the microbiologist, R. L. Burch, in the standard work, The Principle of Human Experimental Technique. It relates to efforts and measures to reduce (1st R) the number of laboratory animals, to continuously refine (2nd R) the study methods used and to develop new methods to replace (3rd R) animal studies and make them redundant.
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