For Bias we have terms and definitions in 23 topics. The topics are Autism, Cancer, Clinical Trials, Ethics, Evidence Based Medicine, Food, Food and Health, Furniture, GPS, Immunization, Import Cars, Interior Design, International Economics, Legal Ethics, Marketing, Music Technology, Non-Profit Accountability, Political, Sensors, Statistics, Teacher Evaluation, Technology and Television.

Bias (Autism)

Deviation of study results from the truth, or the processes that lead to deviation. Factors such as the way data are collected, analyzed, interpreted, or even published can bias the research results. (see also recall bias)

Bias (Cancer)

In a clinical trial, a flaw in the study design or method of collecting and/or interpreting information. Biases can lead to incorrect conclusions about what the study or trial showed. Clinical trials use many methods to avoid bias.

Bias (Clinical Trials)

When a point of view prevents impartial judgment on issues relating to the subject of that point of view. In clinical studies, bias is controlled by blinding and randomization (See Blind and Randomization).

Bias (Ethics)

An inclination that influences judgment. The term "bias" may be used in a merely descriptive way to mean an inclination, but more often it is used as a term of evaluation to mean an inclination that influences judgment and ought not to. "Prejudice" is a synonym for bias in this pejorative sense. However, bias that cannot be completely eliminated in the work of scientific investigators, in contrast to bias or prejudice that can and should be eliminated, is also an important topic in research ethics. For example, the way disciplinary training inclines people to interpret the results of an experiment in terms of the established categories of that discipline is a feature of research, and one that must be taken into account in assessing responsible behavior in research. Since undertaking research requires undergoing advanced training in a discipline, it is impossible to eliminate all preconceptions from one's interpretation of the data. Of course, researchers may hold disciplinary biases and still be unbiased in other respects. For example, they may be impartial on the question of the truth or falsity of a particular research hypothesis.

Bias (Evidence Based Medicine)

Selection, Spectrum, Measurement, Confounding, Recall, Referral, Volunteer, Withdrawal, Attention, Therapeutic Personality, Investigator, Gold Standard Review, Index Test Review, Verification.

Bias (Food)

As occurs when problems in study design lead to effects that are not related to the variables being studied. example is selection bias, which occurs when study subjects are chosen in a way that can misleadingly increase or decrease the strength of an association. oosing experimental and control group subjects from different populations would result in a selection bias.

Bias (Food and Health)

Bias occurs when problems in study design lead to effects that are not related to the variables being studied. An example is selection bias, which occurs when study subjects are chosen in a way that can misleadingly increase or decrease the strength of an association. Choosing experimental and control group subjects from different populations would result in a selection bias.

Bias (Furniture)

This term refers to the grain in fabric. The bias grain runs diagonally at a 45 degree angle to the straight grain and tends to stretch when pulled.

Bias (GPS)

All GPS measurements are affected by biases and errors. Their combined magnitudes will affect the accuracy of the positioning results (they will bias the position or baseline solution). Biases may be defined as being those systematic errors that cause the true measurements to be different from observed measurements by a "constant, predictable or systematic amount", such as, for example, all distances being measured too short, or too long. Biases must somehow be accounted for in the measurement model used for data processing if high accuracy is sought. There are several sources of biases with varying characteristics, such as magnitude, periodicity, satellite or receiver dependency, etc. Biases may have physical bases, such as the atmosphere effects on signal propagation or ambiguities in the carrier phase measurements, but may also enter at the data processing stage through imperfect knowledge of constants, for example any "fixed" parameters such as the satellite ephemeris information, station coordinates, velocity of light, antenna height errors, etc. Random errors will not bias a solution. However, outlier measurements, or measurements significantly affected by multipath disturbance (which may be considered a transient, unmodelled bias), will bias a solution if the proportion of affected measurements is relatively high compared to the number of unaffected measurements. For this reason, long period static GPS Surveying is more accurate (less likely to be biased) than "rapid static surveying" or kinematic (single-epoch) positioning.

Bias (Immunization)

Flaws in the collection, analysis or interpretation of research data that lead to incorrect conclusions.

Bias (Import Cars)

1. A diagonal line of direction. 2. The term applied to the electrical, mechanical, or magnetic force of voltage applied to a device to establish the reference point for operation.

Bias (Interior Design)

45-degree angle to the grain of a fabric utilized to create cording or a smoother fit

Bias (International Economics)

1. Bias of technology, either change or difference, refers to a shift towards or away from use of a factor. The exact meaning depends on the definition of neutral used to define absence of bias. Factor bias matters for the effects of technological progress on trade and welfare.
2. Bias of a trade regime refers to whether the structure of protection favors importables or exportables, based on comparing their effective rates of protection. If these are equal, the trade regime is said to be neutral.
3. Bias of growth refers to economic growth through factor accumulation and/or technological progress and whether if favors one sector or another. Growth is said to be export biased if the export sector expands faster than the rest of the economy, import biased if the import-competing sector does so.

Bias (Legal Ethics)

An inclination that influences judgment. The term "bias" may be used in a merely descriptive way to mean an inclination, but more often it is used as a term of evaluation to mean an inclination that influences judgment and ought not to. "Prejudice" is a synonym for bias in this pejorative sense. However, bias that cannot be completely eliminated in the work of scientific investigators, in contrast to bias or prejudice that can and should be eliminated, is also an important topic in research ethics. For example, the way disciplinary training inclines people to interpret the results of an experiment in terms of the established categories of that discipline is a feature of research, and one that must be taken into account in assessing responsible behavior in research. Since undertaking research requires undergoing advanced training in a discipline, it is impossible to eliminate all preconceptions from one's interpretation of the data. Of course, researchers may hold disciplinary biases and still be unbiased in other respects. For example, they may be impartial on the question of the truth or falsity of a particular research hypothesis.

Bias (Marketing)

A systematic tendency of a sample to misrepresent the population. Biases may be caused by improper representation of the population in the sample, interviewing techniques, wording of questions, data entry, etc.

Bias (Music Technology)

Current / Voltage which determines the intrinsic "noise floor" of an audio device (measured in db's) ... Also AC bias (tape recorder) ... This is where bias is defined as an ultrasonic signal, which is usually found between the frequencies of 100/200 k Hz. This signal is incorporated with the conventional audio signal (via the record head) to reduce hysteresis induced harmonic distortion. The "bias" of a magnetic tape ("Metal", Chrome", "Normal" etc) refers to a bias signal which is roughly optimal to the kind of magnetic material that has been used in the manufacture of the tape. See "hysteresis" for more information.

Bias (Non-Profit Accountability)

The extent to which a measurement, sampling, or analytic method systematically underestimates or overestimates the true value of an attribute. See also:Biased Sample, Hawthorne Effect

Bias (Political)

An inclination or prejudice that prevents objective judgment of something, as in hiring practices showed a bias against minorities.

Bias (Sensors)

The systematic or persistent distortion of a measurement process, which causes errors in one direction (i.e., the expected sample measurement is different from the sample's true value).

Bias (Statistics)

The consistent underestimation or overestimation of a true value, because of preconceived notion of the person sampling the population.

Bias (Teacher Evaluation)

(1) a systematic tendency toward a lack of objectivity, fairness, or impartiality on the part of the assessor or evaluator, often based on personal preferences and inclinations. (2) systematic error in the assessment instrument and procedures, or in the interpretation and evaluation process. See Contamination, Differential Functioning, Error of Measurement, Fairness, Rater Effect.

Bias (Technology)

1. A uniform or systematic deviation from a point of reference. 2. In mathematics, an indication of the amount by which the average of a group of values deviates from a reference value. 3. In electronics, a voltage applied to a transistor or other electronic device to establish a reference level for its operation. 4. In communications, a type of distortion in the length of transmitted bits, caused by a lag that occurs as voltage builds up or falls off each time the signal changes from 0 to 1 or vice versa.

Bias (Television)

(1) A DC voltage or offset superimposed upon a video or audio or radio frequency signal that is otherwise a form of alternating current, the most common usage is to convert AC to pulsating DC because an amplifier stage requires input to be in such a form. (2) A DC voltage or offset or a higher frequency AC voltage superimposed on an audio or video signal to facilitate recording on magnetic tape.

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