For Initiative we have terms and definitions in 9 topics. The topics are Advocacy, Backgammon, Chess, Developmental Psychology, Government, Health Research, Legislative Assembly, Politics and Sanitation.

Initiative (Advocacy)

The voter's power to adopt law or amend the Constitution by voting

Initiative (Backgammon)

A term used to describe a situation where one player has relative freedom to build his position or attack the opponent as he chooses, while the other player is reduced to making forced plays and trying to stave off disaster. The first player is said to have the initiative.

Initiative (Chess)

Term to describe the advantage held by the player who has the ability to control the action and flow of the game thus forcing the opponent to play defensively. A player able to make threats to which his opponent must react, he is said to "possess the initiative." This is usually due to better placement of the chessmen and easier access to weaknesses in the opponent's position.

Initiative (Developmental Psychology)

The ability to think and act without being urged; enterprise.

Initiative (Government)

When voters decide policy after an issue is placed on the ballot by citizen petition.

Initiative (Health Research)

A request for applications (RFA), request for proposals (RFP), or program announcement (PA) stating the Institute's interest in receiving research applications in a given area because of a programmatic need or scientific opportunity. RFAs and RFPs generally have monies set aside to fund the applications responding to them; program announcements generally do not.

Initiative (Legislative Assembly)

A system of direct legislation by the people. Approved in 1902, it allows the citizenry of Oregon to propose new laws or change the State Constitution through a general election ballot measure. To place an initiative on the ballot, supporters must obtain a specified number of signatures from registered voters. The number required is determined by a fixed percentage of the votes cast for all candidates for governor at the general election preceding the filing of the petition. Initiative petitions for statutory enactments require six percent, currently 66,786 signatures. (See also: Referendum)

Initiative (Politics)

A public policy question that is initiated by the people, usually by petition, and decided by the people at the ballot box.

Initiative (Sanitation)

A power reserved to the electorate to enact legislation by placing a measure before the voters for approval.

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