For Weather Gauge we have a term and definition in Historical Boats.

In the age of fighting sail, if a ship was upwind of another it was said to have the weather gauge; the downwind or leeward ship had the lee gauge. The advantage of having the weather gauge was that a ship's guns could be aimed at the enemy's hull, often below the waterline. The guns of the leeward ship fired into the rigging, where damage was less serious.
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